Chemicals In Grain
In the dairy production chain, three main synthetic chemicals are prominently used: fertilizers, pesticides and drugs. Fertilizers, sourced mainly from petrochemicals, contribute to environmental issues like water pollution and climate change, and are mainly used in feed production.
Organic Center
Biodiversity Loss
The dairy industry can contribute to biodiversity loss by clearing land to grow feed for livestock, using pesticides, nutrient pollution, introducing new species, overgrazing, attracting rodents to the land used for feed production, and producing greenhouse gas emissions.
Dairy Truth
Methane Emissions
Methane is 12% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, and livestock digestion alone produces 27% of U.S. methane (EPA, 2024). Cows and dairy farms produce methane through enteric fermentation and manure storage: (1) Burping — cattle release methane as they digest; and (2) Manure storage — bacteria feed on manure in storage ponds, releasing methane.
UN Food & Agriculture Organization
Environmental Protection Agency
Soil Erosion
Turning forests into pasture or feed-crop land, overgrazing, and soil compaction from cattle’s hooves can lead to extreme loss of topsoil and organic matter that could take decades or centuries to replace.
World Wildlife Fund
Fecal Waste
Dairy cows produce large volumes of manure. Stored manure is the second-largest source of greenhouse gas emissions on a dairy farm, releasing both methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Inadequate manure and fertilizer management can harm local water sources and eco-sensitive areas like prairies, wetlands and forests.
LPELC
Science Direct
World Wildlife Fund